Muharram

Muharram, the forbidden month, is the opening month of the Hejira year. The 10th day of the month is celebrated by the Sunnies as well as the Shias all over the world. It was on this day that God is believed to have created Adam and Eve and that the Pharoah of Egypt and his countrymen were drowned in the Red Sea by the will of the Almighty. Again it was on this day that the most lamentable carnage at Kerbala took place in 680 AD when Imman Hussain, the grandson of the Prophet and his men met with their end in an agonising manner. On this day the Jews observe fast. The Prophet enjoined on the Muslims to observe fast on the ninth and tenth of Muharram. It was to commemorate the victory of the Jews over Pharoah that fasting was enjoined upon Muslims on these days. For the Shia Muslims, Muharram is an important occasion for religious ceremony. The Sunni Muslims do not celebrate Muharram, but the devout Muslims among them observe fast.

'Pulikali' or `Tiger-dance' is part of this celebration in Kerala. Some Muslims assume the guise of tiger by painting their whole body to bring out the appearance of tiger, wear masks and parade through streets, playing, dancing and mimicking a tiger. This is done to idealize the valour of Hussain.

Benefits of Venture capital

You get 30% income tax relief subject to an annual investment limit of £200,000 and a minimum holding period for shares issued in the tax year 2006-7 and onwards. Potentially you don't pay income tax on dividends received up to the maximum permitted investment of £200,000. Potentially you don't pay capital gains tax if the shares are sold up to the maximum permitted investment of £200,000. You can claim the tax relief upfront, without having to wait until you fill in your tax return.

Mandir Jain Tirth Shri Nakoda Ji

Cause of Establishment:The temple has been built as a result of religious devotion and strong faith. The temple has about 246 inscriptions which amply show that over the centuries, the temple was extended, renovated, rebuilt and additions were made to it.

Brief of the Diety: The main idol is that of Shri Nakoda Parshwanath. This statue was brought here from the village Nakoda which is near Sinduri., hence the place is called Nakoda Parshwanath temple. But this alone is not the attraction of the temple. The Nokaoda Bhaironji was installed by Acharya Shri Vijay Himachal Suri who also established idols of other Teerthankars in this temple.

Important Architectural Characteristics: The temple has a very high elaborate shikher which is a rare example of Architectural and sculptural elegance. There are unparalleled statuettes and other floral patterns. The temple in fact is treated as a pilgrimage and it is visited by all Janis, Hindus of the entire country.

Amazonite

Amazonite is an opaque sodium feldspar. It is also called Amazone stone and the name was derived from the Amazon. The color distribution is irregular but generally green or bluish green. The luster is vitreous. Deposits can be found in Colorado, Brazil, India, Kenya, Madagascar, Namibia, and Russia. Amazonite has been confused with chrysoprase, serpentine, and turquoise. It has a Moh's hardness of 6-6 ½ and streaks white. The fracture is uneven to splintery and it is brittle. This gem has double refraction, with a refractive index of 1.522-1.530. There is no pleochroism and a weak fluorescence.

Reproductive and Child Health Programme

The Reproductive and Child Health Programme was launched in October 1997 incorporating new approach to population and development issues, as exposed in the International Conference in Population and Development held at Cairo in 1994.The programme integrated and strengthened in services/interventions under the Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Programme and Family Planning Services and added to the basket of services, new areas on Reproductive Tract/Sexually Transmitted infections (RTI/STI).

Soil Impacts

With all the lushness and productivity that exist in tropical forests, it can be surprising to learn that tropical soils are actually very thin and poor in nutrients. The underlying “parent” rock weathers rapidly in the tropics’ high temperatures and heavy rains, and over time, most of the minerals have washed from the soil. Nearly all the nutrient content of a tropical forest is in the living plants and the decomposing litter on the forest floor.When an area is completely deforested for farming, the farmer typically burns the trees and vegetation to create a fertilizing layer of ash. After this slash-and-burn deforestation, the nutrient reservoir is lost, flooding and erosion rates are high, and soils often become unable to support crops in just a few years. If the area is then turned into cattle pasture, the ground may become compacted as well, slowing down or preventing forest recovery.

Fort Cochin

Lies 10 kms away ,from Ernakulam . The architectural style of the buildings and lay-out of the town mark out Fort Cochin from other cities and towns of Kerala. The buildings show the influence of European architecture. The Chief attraction of Fort Cochin is the St. Francis Church built by the Portuguese It is believed to be the first church built by Europeans in India. The body of Vasco Da Gama was buried here. Close to St. Francis Church is Santa Cruz Church. some beautiful paintings can be seen in the Roman Catholic Church.

Basilica of Bom Jesus (Goa)

10 km east of Panaji, along the Mandovi river, is the town of Old Goa, where lie some of India’s greatest churches and among them, the most popular and the most revered by Christians worldwide is the Basilica of Bom Jesus. The Basilica, dedicated to Infant Jesus, has been declared a World Heritage Monument now. 'Bom Jesus' means 'Infant Jesus' or 'Good Jesus'. Renowned throughout the Catholic world, the 16th century cathedral is India’s first Minor Basilica, and is considered as one of the best examples of baroque architecture in India. The layout follows simple Renaissance norms while the detailing and decoration is unabashed Baroque. It’s an opulent structure which incorporates white marble and has beautifully gilded altars decorated with frescoes and inlay work.

The Basilica houses the sacred relics of St. Francis Xavier, patron saint of Goa who died in 1552. The mortal remains of the saint were gifted to the church by Cosimo de Medici III, Grand Duke of Tuscany. Today, the embalmed body lies in an airtight glass coffin positioned in a silver casket crafted by a 17th century Florentine sculptor, Giovanni Batista Foggini. In accordance with his wishes, his remains were transferred to Goa the following year after his death. It is said that, while transferring, the saint's body was found to be as fresh as the day it was buried. This miraculous phenomenon continues to attract the devout from all lands, and an ‘Exposition’ or public viewing of his body happens, once every decade, to allow pilgrims to view it. The saint is believed to have miraculous powers of healing, and pilgrims come from all over the world to offer prayers. The silver casket is lowered for public viewing only during the public exposition. Last exposition was in 2004.

Intricately carved basalt embellishments make it one of the richest facades in Goa. The layout follows simple Renaissance norms while the detailing and decoration is unabashed Baroque. The mausoleum of St. Xavier is a marvel of Italian art (the marble base) and Hindu craftsmanship (the silver casket). The elaborately gilded altars are beautiful examples of sculptures and carvings in wood, stone, gold and granite. Columns are covered with marble and inlaid with precious stones. The church also houses paintings depicting the life of St. Francis Xavier. Visitors are overcome by the deep spirituality and tranquility of the place. Every year thousands of people visit the cathedral especially in December. A trip to Goa is incomplete without a visit to the revered Basilica.

History of the modern olympics

The Olympics or Olympic Games is a multi-sport event which takes place every four years. The games are a revival of the Olympic Games held in ancient Greece. They were revived by a French nobleman, Baron de Coubertin, in 1894, with the objective of promoting international peace and understanding through sporting competition. The Summer Olympics is formally called the Games of the Olympiad. The first Olympiad was held in Athens, Greece.

The Winter Olympics, established in 1924, features winter sports held in ice or snow and is also held every four years. Until 1994, the Winter and Summer Olympics were held in the same year, but in 1986 the International Olympic Committee, which organises the Olympics, decided to separate them, so as to spread costs for all involved parties.

Foods vary in their amounts of calories and nutrients

Some foods such as grain products, vegetables, and fruits have many nutrients and other healthful substances but are relatively low in calories. Fat and alcohol are high in calories. Foods high in both sugars and fat contain many calories but often are low in vitamins, minerals, or fiber.

People who do not need many calories or who must restrict their food intake need to choose nutrient-rich foods from the five major food groups with special care. They should obtain most of their calories from foods that contain a high proportion of essential nutrients and fiber.

Nonfluid Oils

oils are relatively non-toxic, do not penetrate porous substrates, and are usually black or dark brown in color. When heated, Oil may melt and coat surfaces making cleanup very difficult. Residual oils, heavy crude oils, some high paraffin oils, and some weathered oils fall into this class.

Definition of AIDS-related cancers

Certain cancer types that are more likely to occur in people who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common types are Kaposi sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Other AIDS-related cancers include Hodgkin disease and cancers of the lung, mouth, cervix, and digestive system.

Barbs

Scientifically knows as Tetrazone, the tiger barb has clear cut markings, golden sheened body, slightly arched, all suggest clear waters, warm temperatures, nimble movements rather than long swims, bright light, and some definite plant shading.

Coconut

The coconut is found along tropical seashores around the world, and in some areas it is cultivated far inland. It provides man with food, drink, fuel oil, and many other products.

There are about 8.5 million acres of coconuts, of which 2.45 million are in the Philippines, 1.59 in India, 1.5 in Indonesia, 1.07 in Ceylon, 0.6 in Malaya, 0.6 in other south sea islands, and 0.7 million acres elsewhere (Minon and Pandalai 1958, Woodruff 1970). Apacible (1968) indicated that there were 4.5 million acres in 1967 as against 2.4 million in 1958. Apacible (1968) also stated that coconut production has increased at the rate of 5 percent a year for the last 50 years. In the United States, coconuts are found in Florida, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. The largest coconut plantation in the United States consists of about 30,000 trees in Key Biscayne, Fla. (Woodruff 1970).

Tornado!

Tornado is a most violent Storms. Greg Stumpf Although tornadoes occur in many parts of the world, these destructive forces of nature are found most frequently in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains during the spring and summer months. In an average year, 800 tornadoes are reported nationwide, resulting in 80 deaths and over 1,500 injuries. A tornado is defined as a violently rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground. The most violent tornadoes are capable of tremendous destruction with wind speeds of 250 mph or more. Damage paths can be in excess of one mile wide and 50 miles long. Once a tornado in Broken Bow, Oklahoma, carried a motel sign 30 miles and dropped it in Arkansas!

Satellite Power System (SPS)

Concept for providing large amounts of electricity for use on the Earth from one or more satellites in geosynchronous Earth orbit. A very large array of solar cells on each satellite would provide electricity, which would be converted to microwave energy and beamed to a receiving antenna on the ground. There, it would be reconverted into electricity and distributed the same as any other centrally generated power, through a grid.

Mineral based industry

The State being a rich reserve of mineral resources, it has an immense potential for the growth of mining and mineral based industries. The important minerals available in the State are coal, iron ore, limestone, copper ore, bauxite, pyrite, china clay, kyanite, fine clay, dolomite, graphite, bentonite, soap stone, quartz sand and silica sand. Given this, there are numerable opportunities for the investors, in the following areas:

Iron ore (export potential); Steel production; Sponge iron plant; Cement plant; Graphite electrodes and graphite powder; Granite (export Potential); Chemicals and fertilizers; Bleaching powder, calcium carbide and lime related chemicals; Ground mica, mica bricks and electrical appliances; etc.

The State Government has been making all efforts to attract investment into this industry. These include, simplification of the procedures with respect to grant of mining leases; provision of certain relief to make mining activities easier; suitable steps for adoption of state of art technology in mining; etc.

Teaching

Teachers need the capacity to understand a subject well enough to convey its spirit to a new generation of students. The goal is to set up a sound knowledge base on which students will be talented to build as they are bare to different life experiences. The passing of knowledge from generation to generation allows students to grow into useful members of society. Good teachers can interpret information, experience, good decision, and wisdom into relevant knowledge that a student can understand, retain and pass to others. Studies from the US suggest that the quality of teachers is the single most significant factor affecting student performance, and that countries which score extremely on international tests have multiple policies in place to make sure that the teachers they employ are as successful as possible.

Topsoil

Top Soil is the upper, outermost layer of soil, generally the top 2 to 8 inches. It has the most concentration of organic matter and microorganisms, and is where most of the Earth's biological soil activity occurs. Plants regularly concentrate their roots in, and obtain most of their nutrients from this layer. The actual depth of the topsoil layer can be purposeful as the depth from the surface to the first densely packed soil layer known as subsoil.

As one of the layers of soil on the Earth's surface, topsoil nowadays referred to as the A horizon. This layer is shaped from the deposition of eroded material as well as decaying organic matter. A variety of soil mixtures are sold commercially as topsoil, usually for use in civilizing gardens and lawns, or for ideal growing conditions in container gardens, by using potting soil, for example.

A most environmental concern known as topsoil corrosion occurs when the topsoil layer is blown or washed away. Without topsoil, little plant life is feasible. It takes approximately 100 years for one inch of topsoil to be deposited, if there is the correct ratio of organic material, inorganic material and moisture. This can be improved by using the terra preta system. However, there is 25 billion tons of topsoil absent each year.

Air parcel

An air parcel is fantasy volumes of air used by meteorologists to conceptualize the thermodynamic fluid motions of the atmosphere for make use of in weather forecasting. For mathematical simplicity, an air parcel is usually measured a rigid cube which has limited connecting with surrounding environmental air. The dimensions of this parcel are resolute by the atmospheric scale under study.

The significance of the concept of air parcels in meteorology fabrication in its ability to assist meteorologists in conceptualizing how areas of an atmosphere will feature rising and sinking motions, the magnitude of those motions, and the opportunity of ensuing clouds and precipitation. Many older numerical weather forecast models used the conceptual models of air parcels.

Major Wildlife Attractions - Sundarbans

The Sundarbans forest is dwelling to more than 400 tigers. The Bengal Tigers have modified themselves very well to the saline and aqua environs and are extremely good swimmers. As you enter the daring wild land of the Sundarbans you'll be thrilled to see the Chital Dear and Rhesus Monkey.

The aqua fauna of Sundarbans include diversity of fishes, red Fiddler Crabs and Hermit Crabs. There are crocodiles, which can be often seen along the mud banks. Sundarbans national park is also noted for its conservation of the Ridley Sea Turtle. There's is an incredible variety of reptiles also found in Sundarbans, which includes King Cobra, Rock Python and Water Monitor. The endangered river Terrapin, Batagur Baska is found on the Mechua Beach, while the Barkind Deer is found only in Holiday Island in Sunderbans.

Television advertisement

A television advertisement or television commercial (often just commercial or advert) is a length of television programming produced and paid for by an organization that conveys a significance. Advertisement revenue provides a significant portion of the funding for most privately own television networks. The vast majority of television advertisements today consist of brief promotion spots, ranging in length from a few seconds to several minutes (as well as program-length infomercials). Advertisements of this sort have been used to sell every product conceivable over the years, from household products to goods and services, to political campaigns. The effect of television advertisements upon the viewing public has been so successful and so all-encompassing that it is considered impossible for a politician to wage a successful election campaign, in the United States, without use of television advertising. In certain countries, France for instance, political advertisement is forbidden on television

Classical Civilization

Classical Civilization, also known as standard ancient times, is a broad term for a long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, which begins roughly with the earliest-recorded Greek poetry of Homer (7th century BC), and continues through the rise of Alexander the Great and the Fall of the Roman Empire (5th century AD), ending in the termination of classical culture with the close of Late Antiquity.

Lacrosse

It was first started to play in finland and it full of team spirit. this game is played using a small solid rubber ball and long handled racket called a crosse or lacross stick.The head of the crosse has a loose net strung into it that allows the player to hold the lacrosse ball. Particularly the object of the game is to use the stick to catch, carry, and pass the ball in an effort to score by ultimately hurling the ball into an opponent's goal. Defensively the object is to keep the opposing team from scoring and to dispossess them of the ball through the use of stick checking and body contact. There are three distinct versions of the sport; men's lacrosse, women's lacrosse and box lacrosse.

Electronic commerce

Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce or eCommerce, consists of the buying and selling of goods or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. The amount of trade conducted electronically has grown extremely since the spread of the Internet. A wide diversity of commerce is conducted in this way, spurring and drawing on innovations in electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at slightest at some point in the transaction's lifecycle, although it can encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail as well.

A large percentage of electronic commerce is conducted completely electronically for virtual items such as right of entry to premium content on a website, but most electronic commerce involves the transportation of physical items in some way. Online retailers are from time to time known as e-tailers and online retail is sometimes known as e-tail. Almost all large retailers have electronic commerce attendance on the World Wide Web.

Electronic commerce is normally considered to be the sales aspect of e-business. It also consists of the exchange of data to make easy the financing and payment aspects of the business transactions.

Policies for Schools

The recommendations

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Schools should have Acceptable Internet Use Policies, for pupils and for staff.
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Policies should take into account supervised and unsupervised use, both during school time and also out with school hours.
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These policy documents should include a clear section about the school's responsibilities regarding publishing pupils' information on a school website.
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Policies should include reference to Child Protection procedures.
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Guidelines for Internet use should be displayed in obvious places, perhaps on the sides of the computers themselves.
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Any guidelines that are developed within the school should be shared with others to increase networking and make efficient use of resources.

Body painting

Body painting, or sometimes body painting, is a form of body art, considered by some as the earliest form of art. Unlike tattoo and other forms of body art, body painting is temporary, painted onto the human skin, and lasts for only several hours, or at most in the case of Mehndi or "henna tattoo" a couple of weeks. Body painting that is partial to the face is known as face painting.

Chevrolet

Chevrolet (IPA: /ˌʃɛvroʊˈleɪ/ - French origin) (colloquially Chevy) is a brand of automobile, shaped by General Motors (GM). It is the top selling GM marque and the best known brand of GM worldwide [citation needed], with Chevrolet or Chevy being at times synonymous with GM.

Chevrolet offers over 20 vehicles and a lot of various enhanced versions in its home market. The brand's vehicles range from subcompact cars to medium duty commercial trucks. Its number one sellers in the United States take in the Silverado pickup, which is currently the 2nd best-selling vehicle in the United States behind the Ford F-Series and the Impala, which is the number one selling car with a domestic nameplate in the United States.

Great Pyramid of Giza

The Great Pyramid of Giza, also called Khufu's Pyramid or the Pyramid of Khufu, and Pyramid of Cheops, is the oldest and most significant of the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis bordering what is now Cairo, Egypt in Africa, and is the only remaining member of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It is held the pyramid was built as a tomb for Fourth dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Khufu (Cheops in Greek) and builds over a 20 year period ultimate around 2560 BC. The Great Pyramid was the tallest man-made structure in the world for over 3,800 years. Obviously all that remains is the underlying step-pyramid core structure seen today. Many of the casing stones that once enclosed the structure can still be seen around the base of the Great Pyramid. There have been varying scientific and alternative theories regarding the Great Pyramid's construction techniques. Most accepted construction theories are based on the idea that it was built by moving huge stones from a quarry and dragging and lifting them into place.

There are three recognized chambers inside the Great Pyramid. The lowest chamber is cut into the bedrock upon which the pyramid was built and was incomplete. A passage from the Grand Gallery leads to the Queen's Chamber, while an entrance leads from the Grand Gallery to the King's Chamber. The sarcophagus of the King's Chamber was hollow out of a single piece of Red Aswan granite and has been found to be too large to fit through the passageway leading to the chamber. Both the King's Chamber and the Queen's Chamber contain small shafts that climb out of the pyramid. Egyptologists now conclude they were instead used for ceremonial purposes. The Great Pyramid is the only pyramid known to contain both ascending and descending passages. The Great Pyramid of Giza is the main part of a complex setting of buildings that included two mortuary temples in honor of Khufu (one close to the pyramid and one near the Nile), three smaller pyramids for Khufu's wives, an even smaller "satellite" pyramid, a raised causeway linking the two temples, and small mastaba tombs surrounding the pyramid for nobles.

Mountain

A mountain is a landform that extends over the nearby terrain in a limited area. A mountain is normally steeper than a hill, but there is no commonly accepted standard definition for the height of a mountain or a hill though a mountain typically has an exacting summit.

Mountains are on the whole given as heights over mean sea level. The Himalayas generally 5 km above sea level, at the same time as the Andes average 4 km. Most other mountain has 2 – 2.5 km. The peak mountain on Earth is Everest, 8,848 m (29,028 feet), locate in the world's most vital mountain range, the Himalayas.

Sufficiently big mountains have particularly different climatic conditions at the top than at the base, and will thus have different life zones at different altitudes on their slopes. The plants and animals of a sector are to some extent lonely when the zones above and below are harsh, and numerous unique species take place on mountainsides as an end result. Great cases are identified as sky islands. Cloud forests are forests on mountain sides which are a focus for moisture from the air, and thus creating a single ecosystem. Very tall mountains may possibly be enclosed in ice or snow.

Management of working capital

Management will use a federation of policies and techniques for the management of working capital. These policies aim at managing the current assets usually cash and cash equivalents, inventories and debtors and the short term financing, such that cash flows and returns are acceptable.
Inventory management: Identify the level of inventory which allows for continuous production but reduces the investment in raw materials - and minimizes reordering costs - and hence increases cash flow; see Supply chain management; Just in Time (JIT); Economic order quantity (EOQ); Economic production quantity (EPQ).
Debtors management: Identify the appropriate credit policy, i.e. credit terms which will pull towards you customers, such that any impact on cash flows and the cash change cycle will be offset by increased revenue and hence Return on Capital (or vice versa); see Discounts and allowances.
Short term financing: Identify the appropriate source of financing, given the cash conversion cycle: the inventory is preferably financed by credit granted by the supplier; however, it may be necessary to make use of a bank loan (or overdraft), or to "convert debtors to cash" through "factoring".
Cash management: Identify the cash balance which allows for the business to meet day to day expenses, but reduces cash holding costs.

Swaption

A swaption is an option granting its owner the right but not the obligation to enter into a fundamental swap. Although options can be traded on a diversity of swaps, the term "swaption" typically refers to options on interest rate swaps.

There are two types of swaption contracts:

A payer swaption gives the owner of the swaption the right to come into a swap where they pay the fixed leg and obtain the floating leg.
A receiver swaption gives the owner of the swaption the right to enter into a swap where they will receive the fixed leg, and pay the floating leg.
The buyer and seller of the swaption agree on:

The premium (price) of the swaption
the strike rate (equal to the fixed rate of the underlying swap)
Length of the option period (which frequently ends two business days prior to the start date of the underlying swap),
the term of the underlying swap,
Notional amount,
Amortization, if any
Frequency of settlement payments on the underlying swap.

Animals

Animals are a major set of organisms, classified as the empire Metazoa. In common they are multicultural, receptive to their surroundings, and afford for by overriding other organisms or parts of them. Their body plan becomes fixed when they enlarge, commonly early on in their growth as embryos, in spite of the fact that some feel a process of metamorphosis later on.

The word "animal" draws closer from the Latin word animal, of which Metazoa is the plural, and is resulting from anima, sense very significant breath or soul. In every day colloquial usage, the word often refers to non-human animals. The biological meaning of the word refers to every members of the empire Animalia. As a result, as the word "animal" is used in a biological condition, humans are included.

Global financial system

The global financial system (GFS) is a financial system consisting of institutions and rules that act on the international level, as distinct to those that act on a national or regional level. The main players are the global institutions, such as International Monetary Fund and Bank for International Settlements, national agencies and government departments, e.g., central banks and finance ministries, and private institutions acting on the global scale, e.g., banks and hedge funds.

Lagrange's theorem group theory and History

Lagrange's theorem, in the mathematics of grouping theory, states that for any finite group G, the arrange (number of elements) of all subgroup H of G divides the order of G. Lagrange's theorem is named after Joseph Lagrange.

Lagrange did not prove Lagrange's theorem in its general form. What he in fact proved was that if a polynomial in n variables has its variables permuted in all n! Ways, the number of various polynomials that are obtained is constantly a factor of n! The number of that kind of polynomials is the index in the symmetric group Sn of the subgroup H of permutations which preserve the polynomial. So the size of H divides n! With the later improvement of abstract groups, this end result of Lagrange on polynomials was known to extend to the general theorem about finite groups which currently bears his name.

Computer printer

A computer printer, or more normally a printer, produces a hard copy (permanent human-readable text and/or graphics) of documents stored in electronic form, frequently on physical print media such as paper or transparencies. Many printers are mostly used as local computer peripherals, and are attached by a printer cable to a computer which serves as a document source. Some printers, commonly known as network printers, have built-in network interface (typically wireless or Ethernet), and can serve as a hardcopy device for any user on the network. Individual printers are frequently intended to support both local and network connected users at the same time.

In addition, many modern printers can directly interface to electronic media such as memory sticks or memory cards, or to image capture devices such as digital cameras, scanners; a number of printers are combined with a scanners and/or fax machines in a single unit. Printers that contain non-printing features are sometimes called Multifunction Printers (MFP) or Multi-Function Devices (MFD).

Pulses

Pulses are defined by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as yearly leguminous crops yielding from one to twelve grains or seeds of variable size, shape and color surrounded by a pod. Pulses being used for food and animal feed.

The term pulses, as used by the FAO, are kept for crops harvested solely for the dry grain. This therefore excludes green beans and green peas, which are measured vegetable crops. Also barred crops which are mainly grown for oil extraction oilseeds like soybeans and peanuts, and crops which are used exclusively for sowing (clovers, alfalfa).

Pulses are main food crops due to their high protein and necessary amino acid content. Like many leguminous crops, pulses play a key role in crop turning round due to their capability to fix nitrogen.

Salwar kameez

Salwar kameez is also spelled shalwar kameez and shalwar qamiz is a customary dress worn by both women and men in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan. It is now and then known as Punjabi suit owing to its popularity in the Punjab region and the Pathani suit, due to the fact that the Pathans of Kabul set up the dress to the rest of South Asia.

It is loose pajama like trousers the legs are wide at the top and thin at the bottom,
The kameez is a long shirt or tunic. The part seams known as the chaak are left open under the waist-line, which gives the wearer greater freedom of movement. In Afghanistan and Pakistan, it is the special garment of both sexes. In Bangladesh and India, it is usually a woman's garment though the majority of Indian women wear traditional clothing, the men in India can be found in more comfortable in western clothing. Shalwar kameez is the traditional dress worn by a many peoples of south-central Asia. In India and Pakistan it is a largely popular style of dress, Shalwar or Salwar is a short loose or parallel trouser.

Fixed income

Fixed income refers to any kind of investment that yields a normal or fixed return.
For example, if you create use of money and have to pay interest once a month, you have issue a fixed-income security. When a company does this, it is frequently called a bond or corporate bank debt even though 'preferred stock' is also sometimes measured to be fixed income. Sometimes people misspeak when they talk about fixed income; bonds really have higher risk, while notes and bills have less risk because these are issued by Government agencies.

The term fixed income is also useful to a person's income that does not differ with each period. This can include income derivative from fixed-income investments such as bonds and preferred stocks or pensions that guarantee a fixed income.

Planet

A planet, as defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), is a celestial body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is enormous enough to be rounded by its own gravity, not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighboring region of planetesimals.

The term planet is an antique one having ties to history, science, myth, and religion. The planets were originally seen as a divine attendance; as emissaries of the gods. Even today, many people continue to believe the movement of the planets affects their lives, although such causation is rejected by the scientific community. As scientific knowledge advanced, the human awareness of the planets changed over time, incorporating a number of disparate objects. Even now there is no recognized definition of what a planet is. In 2006, the IAU formally adopted a resolution defining planets within the Solar System. This definition has been both praised and criticize, and remains disputed by some scientists.

Under IAU definitions, there are eight planets in the Solar System (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) and 270 further solar ones. The Solar System also contains at slightest three dwarf planets (Ceres, Pluto, and Eris). Many of these planets are orbited by one or more moons, which can be superior than small planets. Planets are usually divided into two main types: large, low-density gas giants and smaller, rocky terrestrials.

Solar tracker

A solar tracker is a device for orienting a solar photovoltaic panel or concentrating solar reflector or lens toward the sun. Concentrators, especially in solar cell applications, require a high degree of accuracy to ensure that the concentrated sunlight is directed precisely to the powered device, which is at (or near) the focal point of the reflector or lens. Non-concentrating applications require less accuracy, and a tracker is not necessary, but can substantially improve the amount of power produced by a system by enhancing morning and afternoon performance.

Plesiosaur

Plesiosaurs(Greek: plesios meaning 'near' or 'close to' and sauros meaning 'lizard') were carnivorous aquatic (mostly marine) reptiles. After their discovery, they were somewhat fancifully said to have resembled "a snake threaded through the shell of a turtle", although they had no shell. The common name 'plesiosaur' is applied both to the 'true' plesiosaurs (Suborder Plesiosauroidea) and to the larger taxonomic rank of Plesiosauria, which includes both long-necked (elasmosaurs) and short-necked (polycotylid) forms. Short-necked, large-headed plesiosaurs are more properly called pliosaurs. There were many species of plesiosaurs and not all of them were as large as Liopleurodon, Kronosaurus or Elasmosaurus.

Proportional control

When controlling the temperature of an industrial furnace, it is usually better to control the opening of the fuel valve in proportion to the current needs of the furnace. This helps avoid thermal shocks and applies heat more effectively.

Proportional negative-feedback systems are based on the difference between the required set point (SP) and measured value (MV) of the controlled variable. This difference is called the error. Power is applied in direct proportion to the current measured error, in the correct sense so as to tend to reduce the error (and so avoid positive feedback). The amount of corrective action that is applied for a given error is set by the gain or sensitivity of the control system.

Living systems theory

Living systems theory is an offshoot of Bertalanffy's general systems theory, created by James Grier Miller, which was intended to formalize the concept of "life". According to Miller's original conception as spelled out in his magnum opus Living Systems, a "living system" must contain each of 20 "critical subsystems", which are defined by their functions and visible in numerous systems, from simple cells to organisms, countries, and societies. In Living Systems Miller provides a detailed look at a number of systems in order of increasing size, and identifies his subsystems in each.

James Grier Miller (1978) wrote a 1,102-page volume to present his living systems theory. He constructed a general theory of living systems by focusing on concrete systems—nonrandom accumulations of matter-energy in physical space-time organized into interacting, interrelated subsystems or components. Slightly revising the original model a dozen years later, he distinguished eight “nested” hierarchical levels in such complex structures. Each level is “nested” in the sense that each higher level contains the next lower level in a nested fashion.

Classical Marxism

Classical Marxism refers to the body of theory directly expounded by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The term "Classical Marxism" is often used to distinguish between "Marxism" as it is broadly understood and "what Marx believed", which is not necessarily the same thing. For example, shortly before he died in 1883, Marx wrote a letter to the French workers' leader Jules Guesde and to his own son-in-law Paul Lafargue, both of whom claimed to represent Marxist principles, in which he accused them of "revolutionary phrase-mongering" and of denying the value of reformist struggles. Paraphrasing Marx: "If that is Marxism, then I am not a Marxist". As the American Marx scholar Hal Draper remarked, "there are few thinkers in modern history whose thought has been so badly misrepresented, by Marxists and anti-Marxists alike."

Nuclear transport

The entry and exit of large molecules from the nucleus is tightly controlled by the nuclear pore complexes. Although small molecules can enter the nucleus without regulation, macromolecules such as RNA and proteins require association karyopherins called importins to enter the nucleus and exportins to exit. "Cargo" proteins that must be translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus contain short amino acid sequences known as nuclear localization signals which are bound by importins, while those transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm carry nuclear export signals bound by exportins. The ability of importins and exportins to transport their cargo is regulated by GTPases, enzymes that hydrolyze the molecule guanosine triphosphate to release energy. The key GTPase in nuclear transport is Ran, which can bind either GTP or GDP (guanosine diphosphate) depending on whether it is located in the nucleus or the cytoplasm.

Comparative psychology

Comparative psychology refers to the study of the behavior and mental life of animals other than human beings. It is related to disciplines outside of psychology that study animal behavior, such as ethology. Although the field of psychology is primarily concerned with humans, the behavior and mental processes of animals is also an important part of psychological research, either as a subject in its own right (e.g., animal cognition and ethology), or with strong emphasis about evolutionary links, and somewhat more controversially, as a way of gaining an insight into human psychology by means of comparison or via animal models of emotional and behavior systems as seen in neuroscience of psychology .

Cosmology

Cosmology is the branch of metaphysics that deals with the world as the totality of all phenomena in space and time. Historically, it has had quite a broad scope, and in many cases was founded in religion. The ancient Greeks did not draw a distinction between this use and their model for the cosmos. However, in modern use it addresses questions about the Universe which are beyond the scope of physical science. It is distinguished from religious cosmology in that it approaches these questions using philosophical methods (e.g. dialectics). Cosmogony deals specifically with the origin of the universe.